![]() ![]() This study analyzed survey responses from a group of university students (n = 2012) participating in online classes in South Korea and looked at the mediating effect of video lecture viewing strategies on the relationship between extraneous load and germane load. Extant research provides conflicting perspectives regarding the role of viewing strategies within video lectures in improving learning. One way students might effectively manage extraneous load is through specific video lecture viewing strategies to control the flow of information. Ideally, instruction should be delivered in a way that reduces the processing of information that does not contribute to learning (extraneous load) and increases cognitive processing that contributes to learning (germane load). Martin Luther King Jr., “I Have a Dream,” recorded at Lincoln Memorial, Washington, DC, August 28, 1963, 1:15. “I Have a Dream.” Recorded at Lincoln Memorial, Washington, DC, August 28, 1963.ġ. “ Speech Title.” Recorded at Location, Month Day, Year. ![]() book, newspaper, website).įor example, the following citation refers to an audio recording of a speech, hosted on a website. When you’re citing a recorded or transcribed lecture (rather than one you saw in person), the format depends on the type of source that contains it (e.g. “Antisemitism in 19th-Century Europe.” PowerPoint presentation, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands, September 15, 2012.Ĭhicago also offers an alternative author-date citation style examples of lecture citations in this style can be found here. David Jones, “The Causes and Consequences of the Spanish Civil War” (lecture, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, September 28, 2011).Ī more specific label can be used if you’re citing information specifically from the slides or lecture handout: Chicago PowerPoint citationDavis, William. “The Causes and Consequences of the Spanish Civil War.” Lecture, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, September 28, 2011.ġ. “ Lecture Title.” Lecture, Institution Name or Event Name, Location, Month Day, Year. “Lecture”) to clarify the type of source. It also includes a descriptive label (e.g. In Chicago notes and bibliography style, you cite sources using Chicago style footnotes and corresponding entries in the bibliography.Ī bibliography entry for a lecture you viewed in person lists the title of the lecture and the event or institution that hosted it. “What Is Required: The Price and Promise of Citizenship.” American Rhetoric, 20 Jan. “ Speech Title.” Website Name, Day Month Year, URL. a website, a book), you should follow the format for the relevant source type, adding a descriptive phrase at the end of the Works Cited entry to clarify what kind of source it is.įor example, the following is a citation of a speech in audio form from a website. When a lecture or speech is recorded or transcribed within another source (e.g. Lecture.Ī different format is used to cite information from lecture slides. “The Causes and Consequences of the Spanish Civil War.” 20th Century History, 28 Sept. “Lecture Title.” Course or Event Name, Day Month Year, Institution, Location. The MLA in-text citation just lists the speaker’s last name. In an MLA Works Cited entry for an in-person lecture, list the title in quotation marks, with headline capitalization, and include the word “Lecture” (or a more specific descriptive term) at the end of the entry. What is required: The price and promise of citizenship. book, website, newspaper).įor example, the following is a citation of an audio recording of a speech hosted on a website. When citing a speech or lecture that you accessed as a recording or transcript, the format follows that of the source type that contains the speech (e.g. NASSR 2019: Romantic Elements, Chicago, IL, United States.Ī different format is used to cite information from the lecture slides themselves. Deconstructing the opposition of natural/arbitrary in Coleridge’s theory of language. For example, a paper presentation is cited in the following format. Jones, personal communication, September 28, 2011)įor a talk at a conference, you do provide a full reference entry and APA in-text citation. Citing a lecture as a personal communication(D. State the lecturer’s name (initials and last name), the words “personal communication,” and the date of the lecture. Instead, you should usually just cite the lecture as a personal communication in parentheses in the text. This is based on the idea that it’s only useful to document sources your reader can actually access. In APA Style, you don’t provide a formal citation for a lecture unless it is recorded or documented in some way. Frequently asked questions about citations. ![]()
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